Talking About Future Events in Spanish

It would be natural to assume that if you want to talk in Spanish about something that will happen in the future, that you would use the future tense of the verb. However, as in English, there are other ways of telling about future events. The difference is that in Spanish, those other ways of expressing the future are so common that the future tense frequently is used for purposes other than discussing the future. Here, then, and are the three most common ways of telling about future events. Using the Present Tense As in English, and especially in colloquial use, the present tense can be used when discussing an upcoming event. Salimos maà ±ana, we leave tomorrow (or, we will leave tomorrow). Te llamo esta tarde, Im calling (or, I will call) you this afternoon. In Spanish, the time period needs to be indicated (either directly or by the context) when using the present tense to refer to the future. The present future is used most often for events that are happening in the near future and that is certain or planned. Ir A and  Infinitive   A very common way of expressing the future is to use the present tense of ir (to go), followed by a and the infinitive. It is the equivalent of saying going to ... in English and is used in basically the same way. Voy a comer, I am going to eat. Va a comprar la casa, he is going to buy the house. Vamos a salir, we are going to leave. This usage of ir a is so common that it is sometimes thought of by some speakers as the future tense, and in some areas, it has all but replaced the conjugated future tense for talking about the future. This way of expressing the future has the advantage that it is extremely easy to learn. Simply learn the present indicative tenses conjugation of ir, and youll have it mastered. The Conjugated Future Tense When used to talk about the future, the conjugated future tense is the equivalent in English of saying will followed by the verb. Saldremos maà ±ana, we will leave tomorrow. Comerà © la hamburguesa, I will eat the hamburger. This use of the future tense is probably more common in writing than in everyday speech.

The Origin Of Family Systems - 1527 Words

THE ORIGIN OF FAMILY SYSTEMS It is widely believed that family systems in one form or the other, though varying hugely from the forms of family we are accustomed to today, have existed since time immemorial, maybe right from the time Homo sapiens first appeared on the face of the earth. The formation of families regulated the sexual behaviour of its members and ensured that sexual jealousy of the primates remained under tabs. It also led to a form of division of labour where the roles of the members were defined and they were expected to contribute their bit to the working of the family. For example, the work of hunting and food gathering was traditionally carried out by the men while the females reared the children and took care of the hearth. Families also provided much needed protection to the young children as humans have a prolonged period of childhood where the children are incapable of protecting or fending for themselves. Over the years, the functions of the family have increased further. The importance of the institution of family in our society is immense, so much so that according to the Genetic Theory of Origin of State, the family is not only the basic unit of the society but also the basic unit of the state. Over the years, several thinkers have attempted to trace back the evolution of the family and have set forward various theories which are often widely different from one another. Such variations can be attributed to the fact that no concrete evidence hasShow MoreRelatedBowen Family Systems Theory Summary1633 Words   |  5 PagesBowen’s Family Systems Theory Bowen’s Family Systems Theory Overview This adaptation of systems theory was coined by Dr. Murray Bowen and is referred to as Bowen’s Family Systems Theory. According to Murdock (2013), this particular adaptation of systems theory is considered one of the most reputable and well constructed compared to that of its counterparts. 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Joesph Plum Martin Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier Free Essays

Revolutionary Soldier During Joseph Martin journey in the revolution war he found himself not agreeing with many of the things the other soldiers were used to doing. The other soldiers were used to always getting what they wanted, when they wanted it. In order to do this, whenever they needed something, such as food they would just barge into nearby homes and demand for what they wanted. We will write a custom essay sample on Joesph Plum Martin Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most home owners knew that if they didn’t do what the soldiers asked, that things would go very bad quickly. Meaning a large amount of the home owners would just be friendly and give the soldiers what they wanted just to keep the peace. Also some of the home owners enjoyed getting a visit from the soldiers because it made them fell wanted and thankfully to help support a fellow soldier. Martin didn’t have the same view as many of the soldiers did on this certain activity. Well he was involved with doing that activity he would feel guilty and wanted to apologize to the family because he didn’t think they deserved such a thing. He didn’t enjoy doing it because he believed it was rude and that they were abusing their power of authority. Before he went to war he learned right from wrong and would never imagine doing such a thing to innocent citizens in the area. The only reason that he would participate in this activity was because Soldiers during the war had been doing it prior to when he entered the war and he didn’t want to deal with all the others soldiers by telling them his real opinion on it. Also he needed the items the other soldiers were asking for as well but just wanted there to be another way for them to get it. Even though he didn’t agree with many of the things he had to do while he was gone at war, going into other people’s home uninvited was the thing he disagreed with the most. Even thought he was there for many days, they were a few days that he remembered quite well. One day he remembered was when he was just relaxing at the cabin he was staying at with some fellow soldiers, when two lovely women come over to talk to them. They had a great conversion with the ladies, and the ladies ended up inviting them over to their place to visit more. Soon after arriving at the ladies place, the ladies expressed to the soldiers that their closest neighbors weren’t very respectful to them. † when the mother observed that it had been quite cross and crying all Martin, â€Å"I have been threatening,† said she, â€Å"to give her to the Yankees. â€Å"Take care,† said the wagoner, â€Å"how you speak of the Yankees, I have one of them here with me. † â€Å"La! † said the woman, â€Å"is he a Yankee? I thought he was a Pennsylvanian;—I I don’t see any difference between him and other people†. The men didn’t like that because they believed that all women should be treated with respect. As the sold iers they were, they decided to all march over to the ladies neighbors and demand for food in a violent way. At first when the soldiers arrived the man who opened the door wanted to put up a fight and not let the soldiers demand for items they needed just because for who they were. Soon after the man realized he wasn’t going to win the fight he let the soldiers come inside his house and told his wife to make some bread. Everything turned out fine, the soldiers got what they wanted and the neighbors didn’t get hurt. Although Martin wished they would of aproshed the situation differently and more safely. In most situation Martin at least understand why the soldiers would go to ransoms people house, it was because they had something they needed. But one day was different and Martin really didn’t agree with the other soldiers. but when we came to their stables, then look out for the women; take what horse you would, it was one or the others â€Å"pony† and they had no other to ride to church; and when we had got possession of a horse we were sure to have half a dozen or more women pressing upon us, until by some means or other, if possible, they would slip the bridle from the horse’s head, and then we might catch him again if we c ould† On this day they soldiers decided to go into the local village in order to get some items they needed. Well at least that is what Martin thought. After they got there the soldiers were crazy and were taking everything they could even if they didn’t need it in the first place. Like the good man he was, Martin turned out only taking the necessary items he personal needed. By doing that it left the village a mess and all the villagers scared and upset. Also making Martin very unpleased with his fellow soldiers. Even though Martin didn’t agree with making innocent citizens in the area give them what they wanted or else. Or messing up a village for items they needed along with unnecessary items. Martin decided early on during this war experience that he was just going to go with the flow of what everyone else was doing. That way he doesn’t had to end up telling the soldiers his opinion and deal with any conflict there may be with it. He was afraid of the superiors reaction to what he thought and he didn’t want to be punished for his thoughts. Even though his biggest trouble during the war was taking items from innocent citizens, there were many other circumstances that troubled him as well such as the conditions that he had to work under where horrible and they contributed to many people getting sick. â€Å"I had the small pox favorably as did the rest, generally; we lost none; but it was more by good luck, or rather a kind Providence interfering, than by my good conduct that I escaped with life. † They marched and marched and they would push their bodies to the limit. They fought under tough conditions and through the winter without a reliable way to get warm. Joseph Really did not like this at all he wanted to be warm and be able to stay healthy. Throughout this book Martin had many views on the revolutionary war. Most of them were negative such as he didn’t like taking supplies from the villages. The conditions of the war were really rough and he ended up getting small pox from that. He nearly lost his life from the small pox. His view before he entered the war and his view after were completely different. The war changed him and his view on the whole thing. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Martin, Joesph P. A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier. USA: First Signet Classics Printing, 2001. Print. Ch4 [ 2 ]. Martin, Joesph P. A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier. USA: First Signet Classics Printing, 2001. Print. Ch4 [ 3 ]. Martin, Joesph P. A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier. USA: First Signet Classics Printing, 2001. Print. Ch 3 How to cite Joesph Plum Martin Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier, Essays

Honda Financial Ratios Analysis free essay sample

Would you place a personal deposit of one million dollars or more in the publicly traded stock of this company? Honda is considered to be one of the best auto makers in the world; its customer base continues to grow throughout the years. Honda also has profit margins constantly higher than its closest competitor Toyota Motors. Honda is making an effort to satisfy the necessities of its customers and the dominant market conditions by updating its models and ramping up supply. Renovating the production system, building new plants for increasing production, such as the one in Brazil; and adopting innovative techniques for upgrading might help Honda to improve capacity and sales during fiscal 2014. Honda expects revenues and net income to increase 22. 5% and 58%, respectively, in fiscal 2014. The companys strengths can be seen in several areas, such as its growth in earnings per share, good cash flow from operations and largely solid financial position with reasonable debt levels by most measures. Earnings per share trended upward after a decrease from Q1 to Q2 posting annual earnings of $202.  68 per share. Honda’s cash flow in the first half of fiscal 2014 improved to ? 671. 5 billion from ? 323. 3 billion in the first half of fiscal 2013. Honda expects higher revenues, favorable model mix, effective cost reduction measures, favorable currency effect and favorable impact of raw material cost fluctuations to contribute to the increase in profits during the year. For all of the abovementioned reasons, I would confidently place a million dollars in stocks from Honda. If the company keeps making money the way it has been, we could be looking at a very good investment opportunity. Would you invest $500,000 in the debt (bonds) of this company? According to Moody’s Corporate ratings the bonds issued by Honda Finance Co. , Ltd. were assigned a rate of A1, this rating is supported by an excellent brand and strong position in its core automotive markets, its strong position in the motorcycle business, its cost management capability and its strong balance sheet. The steady position reflects the significant enhancement in Hondas operating performance in the past year and it is expected that this improvement will be sustained. Based on Moody’s analysis, Honda keeps a conservative financial policy and its balance sheet is strong. Adjusted debt/capitalization should stay sound and below 25%, while adjusted RCF/debt is expected to improve from around 46% to around 50% over the coming 2-3 years. The â€Å"Well Kept Agreement† between Honda and AHFC (American Honda Financial Corporation) has improved the credit quality of the notes. Under this agreement, Honda needs to possess a minimum of 80% of AHFCs equity, either directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, AHFC should have a positive tangible net assets balance along with sufficient liquidity. Moody’s believes that AHFC plays an important role in Hondas U. S. auto business as it provides auto loans and leases for Hondas cars in the U. S. In addition, Honda’s financial health remained stable during the year earning satisfactory profits and generating a return on investments. Therefore, I’d definitely invest $500,000 in the debt bonds of this company. Would you grant a one million dollar line of credit for overnight or term federal funds to this company? Honda’s liquidity results indicate that the automaker is well positioned to meet maturing short-term liability obligations and unexpected cash needs. Even though, Honda’s current ratio deteriorated from 2012 to 2013, its current ratio is only a little bit higher than the industry average, 1. 30 compared to 1. 27 respectively. On the other hand, a quick ratio of 1 or greater is generally considered acceptable and Honda’s quick ratio is exactly equals to 1. 00. We also have to take into consideration that Honda Motors does not have to pay all its short term obligations at once, so the company can manage to pay its short term liabilities. Therefore, if it was in my hands to approve a one million dollar line of credit to Honda, I would gladly grant it. Appendix A: Extended Liquidity Ratios Calculations ? Appendix B: Extended Asset Ratios Calculations ? Appendix C: Extended Profitability Ratios Calculations ? Appendix D: Extended Debt Ratios Calculations ? Appendix E: Extended Market Ratios Calculations ? Appendix F: Toyota Financial Ratios Toyota Motor Company Liquidity RatiosAnnual Current Ratio1. 07 Quick Ratio0. 93 Net Working Capital Ratio0. 02 Current Liabilities to Inventory Ratio7. 53 Cash Ratio0. 13 Operating Ratio15. 70 Asset RatioAnnual Inventory Turnover Ratio12. 53 Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio1. 15 Asset to Equity Ratio1. 64 Debt RatiosAnnual Total Debt Ratio0. 64 Interest Coverage Ratio62. 12 Debt/Equity Ratio1. 78 Appendix G: Toyota Financial Ratios Analysis Liquidity Honda’s liquidity results indicate that the automaker is well positioned to meet maturing short-term liability obligations and unexpected cash needs. Liquidity continued to trend upward between Q2 and Q4 after beginning the fiscal year in a downward trend between Q1 and Q2. This trend is a result of a decrease in both current assets and current liabilities from Q1 to Q2. Quarterly financial reports suggest Honda settled debt with available cash on hand. The current ratio of 1. 30 has remained fairly constant during the past year and above foreign competitor Toyota. Honda’s liquidity exceeds Toyota’s in all analytic categories with the exception of the current liabilities to inventory ratio. This metric of 3. 37 to 7. 53 indicates that Honda holds less debt to inventory than Toyota, respectively. The annual operating ratio of 17.  13 fluctuated during the year. Honda’s Operating and Financial Review of the 2013 Annual Report states the instability is a direct result of increased costs and expenses associated with unit sales in the Automobile business segment, negative foreign currency effects and increased product warranty expenses. The operating ratio is expected to continue an upward trend with increased net sales and continued cost reduction. Asset Utilization Honda’s asset utilization suggests the company is resourceful in generating revenue from assets held. Honda’s quarterly average inventory turnover of 2.27 successfully contributed to the turnover of motorcycles, automobiles and power engines almost 9 times during the year. Q3 to Q4 reported a substantial increase of . 28 in inventory turnover as a result of increased automobile unit sales. The annual inventory turnover result is 3. 75 times lower than its competitor given that Toyota is the 3rd largest manufacturer and holds a larger percentage of the automobile market than Honda. In addition, these results illustrate Honda’s ability to manage inventory levels during cyclical economic downturns. Total assets ratio of . 72 suggests Honda generated $. 72 in sales for every dollar of assets. Quarterly results ranged from . 19 to . 21. An asset to equity ratio of 2. 62 indicates Honda leveraged assets nearly 3 times per dollar of stockholders equity. Although assets decreased proportionately to a decrease in equity from Q1 to Q2, this metric remained constant during the fiscal year as a result of an overall increase in assets and equity of 18% and 14%, respectively. Profitability Honda’s financial health remained stable during the year earning satisfactory profits and generating a return on investments. Market price and dividend potential is greatly affected by the ability to generate profit. Although net income decreased from Q1 to Q2, overall profitability remained relatively stable as reductions in average total assets, average owners’ equity, total sales and total assets decreased proportionately to net income fluctuations. As such, Honda’s profitability trended upward as a result of increased automobile unit sales. This is evidenced by a 24% increase in net sales and revenue contributing to an increase of 73. 6% in net income. Return on assets resulted in a 3% return in net income for every dollar of total assets. The return on equity is the ratio in which shareholders predicate management’s performance. This ratio remained constant during the fiscal year with an annual result of . 08 leveraging stockholders’ investment. The profit margin of . 04 remained level with quarterly results as the fiscal year began with a decrease in total sales. Basic earnings power ratio remained constant throughout the year with an annual result of . 04, which are due to the negative impact of unrealized gains and losses on derivative instruments and foreign currency transactions losses. 5 Initial earnings per share decreased from Q1 to Q2 as a result of 37% decrease in net income with results continuing to decline throughout the year. Debt Utilization Honda’s debt ratio indicates that over half of assets are financed through debt. This is evidenced by a total debt to assets ratio of . 62 which indicates that every dollar of assets is financed by debt. Honda’s competitor, Toyota, total debt to assets ratio of . 64 illustrates the auto industries reliance on debt to finance assets. The debt to equity ratio demonstrates that 1. 62 of every dollar of assets is financed through debt and stockholders equity. Although the debt ratio shows that over half of assets are financed by debt, Honda’s interest coverage ratio signifies the ability to pay interest on debt 40. 21 times with earnings before interest and taxes. Market Values Market value ratios illustrate Honda’s ability to return profits to stockholders. Earnings per share trended upward after a decrease from Q1 to Q2 posting annual earnings of $202. 68 per share. This indicates the return investors receive for each share of common stock held. Investor’s optimism in Honda’s future performance is represented by the price to earnings ratio which increased by 124% from Q1 to Q4 averaging out annual earnings of $17.54 per share. The payout ratio of 35% suggests Honda’s willingness to pay stockholders for their return on investment. Comparative Financial Analysis of the Company Compared to the Industry Performance Honda’s current ratio deteriorated from 2012 to 2013. Honda Motor Co Ltd. (HMC) current ratio is 1. 30, a little bit higher than the industry average of 1. 27. This high current ratio could be due to the company has tied up a lot of money in non-productive assets such as excessive inventory. Overall, the key liquidity measurements indicate that the company is in a position in which financial difficulties could develop in the future. The net profit margin for HMC is currently lower than what is desirable, coming in at 3. 70% compare to the industry average of 4. 30%. The companys current return on equity has slightly decreased from the same quarter one year prior. This implies a minor weakness in the organization. When compared to other companies in the Automobiles industry and the overall market, return on equity of 8% is below that of both the industry average of 12% and the SP 500. The company has a P/E ratio of 17. 54 indicating a premium compared to an average of 11. 89 for the automotive industry. The debt-to-equity ratio is somewhat high at 1. 62 as compared to the industry average of 0. 74, implying that there has been a relative increment in the management of debt levels (HMC’s total debt increased from 2012 to 2013). Honda Motor Co. Ltd. s inventories increased from 2012 to 2013, which is reflected on its debt to equity ratio of 1. 62 which is higher than the industry average of 0. 74.